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Japanese Hospital & Medical Vocabulary: Health Emergency Guide

The medical Japanese you hope you’ll never need — but absolutely must know.

Published April 9, 2026 · 14 min read

Getting sick or injured abroad is stressful enough without a language barrier. In Japan, most doctors and hospital staff speak limited English. Knowing medical vocabulary can literally save your life. Bookmark this guide — you’ll be glad you did.

Emergency Phrases: Learn These First

119 = Ambulance & Fire (say 救急です kyuukyuu desu for ambulance)
110 = Police
助けてください (たすけてください) = Please help me
救急車を呼んでください (きゅうきゅうしゃをよんでください) = Please call an ambulance
病院に連れて行ってください (びょういんにつれていってください) = Please take me to a hospital

Body Parts: External

JapaneseReadingEnglish
あたまHead
かおFace
Eye
みみEar
はなNose
くちMouth
Tooth
のどThroat
くびNeck
かたShoulder
背中せなかBack
むねChest
お腹おなかStomach/Abdomen
うでArm
Hand
ゆびFinger
こしLower back/Waist
あしLeg/Foot
ひざKnee
皮膚ひふSkin

Body Parts: Internal Organs

JapaneseReadingEnglish
心臓しんぞうHeart
はいLungs
Stomach (organ)
ちょうIntestines
肝臓かんぞうLiver
腎臓じんぞうKidney
のうBrain
血管けっかんBlood vessel
ほねBone

Describing Symptoms

The doctor will ask どうしましたか (dou shimashita ka — what’s wrong?). Here’s how to answer.

JapaneseReadingEnglish
痛いいたいIt hurts / painful
かゆいかゆいItchy
めまいがするめまいがするI feel dizzy
吐き気がするはきけがするI feel nauseous
熱があるねつがあるI have a fever
咳が出るせきがでるI have a cough
鼻水が出るはなみずがでるI have a runny nose
下痢をしているげりをしているI have diarrhea
便秘ですべんぴですI’m constipated
息が苦しいいきがくるしいDifficulty breathing
しびれがあるしびれがあるI feel numbness
腫れているはれているIt’s swollen
血が出ているちがでているIt’s bleeding
だるいだるいI feel fatigued/sluggish

Describing pain levels: Use a 1–10 scale: 痛みは1から10で何ですか? (How is the pain from 1 to 10?). Describe the type: ズキズキ (throbbing) · チクチク (stinging) · キリキリ (sharp, stabbing) · ジンジン (tingling) · 鈍い痛み (にぶいいたみ, dull pain)

Allergies & Medications

JapaneseReadingEnglish
アレルギーアレルギーAllergy
アレルギーがありますアレルギーがありますI have an allergy
くすりMedicine
服用中の薬ふくようちゅうのくすりCurrently taking medication
抗生物質こうせいぶっしつAntibiotics
鎮痛剤ちんつうざいPainkiller
花粉症かふんしょうHay fever/Pollen allergy
食物アレルギーしょくもつアレルギーFood allergy
副作用ふくさようSide effect

The Medical Form: 問診票 (もんしんひょう)

Every hospital visit starts with filling out a 問診票. Here are the fields you’ll encounter.

Field (Japanese)ReadingEnglish
氏名しめいFull name
生年月日せいねんがっぴDate of birth
住所じゅうしょAddress
電話番号でんわばんごうPhone number
症状しょうじょうSymptoms
いつからいつからSince when
既往歴きおうれきMedical history
手術歴しゅじゅつれきSurgical history
アレルギーアレルギーAllergies
妊娠の可能性にんしんのかのうせいPossibility of pregnancy
保険証ほけんしょうInsurance card

Hospital Department Names

JapaneseReadingEnglish
内科ないかInternal medicine
外科げかSurgery
眼科がんかOphthalmology (eyes)
耳鼻咽喉科じびいんこうかENT (ear, nose, throat)
皮膚科ひふかDermatology
整形外科せいけいげかOrthopedics
産婦人科さんふじんかObstetrics & Gynecology
小児科しょうにかPediatrics
歯科しかDentistry
精神科せいしんかPsychiatry
救急科きゅうきゅうかEmergency department

Dental Visit Vocabulary

Mental Health Terms

Mental health care is growing in Japan. Know these terms if you need support.

JapaneseReadingEnglish
ストレスストレスStress
不安ふあんAnxiety
うつ病うつびょうDepression
不眠症ふみんしょうInsomnia
カウンセリングカウンセリングCounseling
心療内科しんりょうないかPsychosomatic medicine clinic
眠れないねむれないI can’t sleep
食欲がないしょくよくがないI have no appetite

Pharmacy Vocabulary

処方箋 (しょほうせん) = Prescription · 薬局 (やっきょく) = Pharmacy · 市販薬 (しはんやく) = Over-the-counter medicine · 飲み薬 (のみぐすり) = Oral medicine · 塗り薬 (ぬりぐすり) = Topical cream · 目薬 (めぐすり) = Eye drops · 食後に飲んでください (しょくごにのんでください) = Take after meals

Frequently Asked Questions

Dial 119 for ambulance (救急車, kyuukyuusha). Say 救急です (kyuukyuu desu — it’s an emergency), give your location, and describe symptoms. The service is free. For non-life-threatening issues, visit a clinic (クリニック) or hospital (病院) during business hours instead.

A 問診票 (monshin-hyou) is a medical questionnaire you fill out at reception before seeing a doctor. It asks for your name, date of birth, symptoms (症状), allergies (アレルギー), current medications (服用中の薬), medical history (既往歴), and insurance information. Having these kanji memorized saves time and stress when you’re not feeling well.

Yes, but options are limited outside major cities. Search for 英語対応 (eigo taiou, English-compatible) clinics online. Even at English-friendly hospitals, paperwork is usually in Japanese, so knowing medical vocabulary helps tremendously.

Be Prepared with Kanjijo

Learn critical medical kanji and vocabulary with Kanjijo’s SRS flashcards. Don’t wait until an emergency to study — prepare now.

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