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Japanese Volitional Form: Express “Let’s” and Intentions

From casual invitations to personal resolutions — one form does it all.

Published April 9, 2026 · 7 min read

The volitional form (意向形 / いこうけい) is your go-to for suggesting, inviting, and expressing intention. “Let’s eat!” “Shall we go?” “I’ll try harder.” All of these use the volitional form.

Conjugation Rules

Godan Verbs (Group 1)

Change the final -u to -ō:

DictionaryCasual (〜よう)Polite (〜ましょう)
行く (iku)行こう (ikō)行きましょう (ikimashō)
書く (kaku)書こう (kakō)書きましょう (kakimashō)
話す (hanasu)話そう (hanasō)話しましょう (hanashimashō)
飲む (nomu)飲もう (nomō)飲みましょう (nomimashō)
待つ (matsu)待とう (matō)待ちましょう (machimashō)
買う (kau)買おう (kaō)買いましょう (kaimashō)

Ichidan Verbs (Group 2)

Drop る, add よう:

DictionaryCasualPolite
食べる (taberu)食べよう (tabeyō)食べましょう (tabemashō)
見る (miru)見よう (miyō)見ましょう (mimashō)
寝る (neru)寝よう (neyō)寝ましょう (nemashō)

Irregular Verbs

DictionaryCasualPolite
する (suru)しよう (shiyō)しましょう (shimashō)
来る (kuru)来よう (koyō)来ましょう (kimashō)

5 Key Usage Patterns

1. Invitation / Suggestion: “Let’s ~”

2. Personal Decision: “I’ll ~”

3. ~ようと思う: “I’m thinking of ~ing”

Nuance: ~ようと思う (present) = just decided. ~ようと思っている (progressive) = have been thinking about it for a while.

4. ~ようとする: “Try to ~ / About to ~”

5. ~ようか / ~ましょうか: Offering Help

Common Mistakes

MistakeCorrectWhy
食べるよう 食べようDrop る first
するよう しようする is irregular
行こうと思った (for current plan) 行こうと思っているPast = thought once; Progressive = ongoing plan

Frequently Asked Questions

What’s the difference between ~ましょう and ~よう?

Same meaning (let’s / shall we), different politeness. ~ましょう for formal situations, ~よう for casual. Both are tested on JLPT.

Can the volitional form express personal intention?

Yes! Besides “let’s,” it expresses determination: 明日から毎日勉強しよう (I’ll study every day). Combined with と思う, it becomes “I’m thinking of doing ~.”

How is ~ようとする different from ~ようと思う?

~ようとする = try to / about to (attempt/moment). ~ようと思う = thinking of doing (plan/intention). 寝ようとした = tried to sleep. 寝ようと思う = thinking of sleeping.

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