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なる vs する: 寒くなる, 静かにする and ようになる

なる says that something changes. する says that someone makes it change. The same two verbs also let you order coffee, announce a decision and talk about a new skill.

Published October 3, 2026 · 6 min read · Level: N5–N4

The short version: なる means something becomes different: 寒さむくなる (it gets cold), 静しずかになる (it gets quiet). する with an adjective means someone makes it different: 部屋へやを暖あたたくする (warm the room), 部屋へやをきれいにする (clean the room). い-adjectives take く, な-adjectives and nouns take に, and いい becomes よく. Noun + にする also means “I'll have”: コーヒーにします. For verbs, add ように: 話はなせるようになりました.

Level: N5–N4. くなる, になる and にする are N5. ようになる, ようにする, ことにする and ことになる are standard N4 grammar. Every example has furigana, the kana reading underneath and an English translation.

English often uses one verb for both sides of a change: the room got warm, I got the room warm. Japanese keeps them apart. One verb describes the change as something that happens, and the other describes it as something a person does. Choosing between them also decides which particle you use, so getting this right fixes two things at once.

The picture: a change happens, or someone makes it

なるThe change happensへやがあたたかくなりました。The room has got warm.
The sentence is about the room. Nobody is mentioned.
するSomeone makes it happenエアコンでへやをあたたかくしました。I warmed the room with the air conditioner.
The sentence is about what I did to the room.

Notice the particles. With なる, the thing that changes is the subject and takes が or は. With する, it is the object of your action and takes を. This is the same split you see in transitive and intransitive verb pairs such as 開あく and 開あける.

How to attach なる and する

Word typeChange+ なる (becomes)+ する (makes)
い-adjectiveい → く寒さむくなる短みじかくする
いい (good)いい → よくよくなるよくする
な-adjective+ に静しずかになる静しずかにする
Noun+ に医者いしゃになるコーヒーにする
Verb+ ように話はなせるようになる食たべるようにする

なる: something becomes different

Adjective / noun + なるN5
Ages, seasons and times all use なる. 二十歳はたちになる (turn twenty), 春はるになる (spring comes), 十時じゅうじになる (it gets to ten o'clock). Japanese treats each of them as a change of state.

する: someone makes it different

Adjective / noun + するN5
静しずかにしてください is literally “please make it quiet”. It is the standard way to ask people to be quiet, and you will hear it from teachers, see it on signs and hear it in libraries.

Noun + にする: choosing and ordering

When a noun comes before にする, the meaning becomes “to settle on”. This is how Japanese people order food, pick a date and make small choices.

Noun + にしますN5
The waiter's version is different. When staff bring your order, you will often hear こちら、コーヒーになります (Here is your coffee). It is a service phrase, and some people consider it non-standard, but it is everywhere. As a customer, you say コーヒーにします.

Verbs: ようになる and ようにする

A verb cannot go directly in front of なる or する. You need ように in between. The pair keeps the same split as before: なる describes a change that came about, and する describes an effort you make.

Verb + ようになる · ようにするN4
Wrong
For “stopped doing”, use なくなる. The negative ない is an い-adjective ending, so it follows the い → く rule: 食たべない → 食たべなくなる.

ことにする vs ことになる: I decided, or it was decided

ことにする: my decision

らいねん、にほんにりゅうがくすることにしました。I've decided to study in Japan next year.

ことになる: it was decided

らいげつ、おおさかにてんきんすることになりました。I'm being transferred to Osaka next month.

There is a social side to this pair. Japanese speakers often announce their own decisions with ことになりました, as in このたび、結婚けっこんすることになりました (I am going to be married). Presenting the decision as something that came about, rather than something you chose, sounds modest and is the standard way to share news at work.

The mistakes to avoid

Wrong formsN5–N4
Wrong
Right
Wrong
Right
Wrong
Right
きれい is a trap. It ends in い, but it is a な-adjective, so it takes に. The same goes for 有名ゆうめい and きらい.
変
See the pattern in many sentences. Kanjijo's grammar bank covers なる, する and the four N4 patterns with example sentences and native audio, and every word has an exclusive mnemonic, so you remember that きれい is a な-adjective. The interactive test widget on your home screen lets you check a pattern in a few seconds whenever you unlock your phone.

Check yourself: なる or する?

Ask whether the change happens by itself or someone makes it happen.

1 · The weather

暖あたたかい is an い-adjective, so くなる.

2 · At a café

Choosing: noun + にします.

3 · Turn it down

Someone makes the change, so する: 小ちいさくしてください.

4 · A new skill

A change in ability: verb + ようになりました.

5 · Your own decision

I decided: ことにしました. (ことになりました would present it as something that was arranged.)

6 · The trap

きれい is a な-adjective, so に.

Quick reference

なる = becomes
The change happens; the thing changing takes が/は. 寒くなる, 元気になる, 医者になる.
する = makes
Someone causes the change; the thing changed takes を. 部屋を暖かくする, きれいにする.
Forms
い → く (いい → よく). な-adjective / noun + に. Verb + ように.
Choosing
Noun + にします: コーヒーにします. (Staff: こちらコーヒーになります.)
ようになる / ようにする
Change in ability or habit / making a point of doing. Stopped doing: なくなる.
ことにする / ことになる
I decided / it was decided; ことになりました also sounds modest for your own news.

Frequently Asked Questions

なる means something becomes different by itself, and the thing that changes takes が or は: 部屋へやが暖あたたかくなりました. する means someone makes it different, and the thing changed takes を: エアコンで部屋へやを暖あたたかくしました.

い-adjectives change い to く: 寒さむくなる, 高たかくなる, and いい becomes よくなる. な-adjectives and nouns take に: 静しずかになる, 元気げんきになる, 医者いしゃになる.

Noun + にする means to choose or decide on something, so コーヒーにします means I'll have coffee. When staff say こちらコーヒーになります, they mean here is your coffee; it is a service phrase, and customers do not say it.

It describes a change in ability or habit: 日本語にほんごが話はなせるようになりました (I've become able to speak Japanese), 毎朝まいあさ走はしるようになりました (I've started running every morning). Verbs cannot take なる directly, so 話はなせるになりました is wrong.

ことにする means you decided: 来年らいねん留学りゅうがくすることにしました. ことになる means it was decided or it turned out that way: 来月らいげつ大阪おおさかに転勤てんきんすることになりました. Japanese speakers often use ことになりました even for their own decisions because it sounds more modest.

Sources & further reading
  1. Seiichi Makino & Michio Tsutsui, A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar (The Japan Times, 1986): entries for naru, suru, koto ni naru, koto ni suru, yō ni naru and yō ni suru.
  2. The Japan Foundation & JEES, JLPT Level Summary: what N5 and N4 candidates are expected to understand.

Talk about change the way Japanese does

なる and する appear in almost every conversation about the weather, health, plans and progress. Kanjijo gives you the full N5–N1 path of 2,480 kanji, 9,020 words and the complete grammar bank, with exclusive mnemonics for every kanji and every word, an SRS engine with seven growth stages that times each review, home, lock screen and interactive test widgets, JLPT reading and listening practice and full mock tests. Train your ear with conversation lessons, shadowing and dictation, point the OCR scanner at any Japanese text around you, and turn any Japanese video you paste in into a lesson. Free on iPhone.

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